![]() ![]() All limiters and compressors do is make things quieter. But doesn't that just make things quieter? Many also provide attack and release settings to ensure this effect doesn't bounce around, causing weird "pumping" sounds. For example, once you pass 70db a compressor could turn every 2dB increase to 1dB. A compressor takes volume differences and smooths them out beyond the threshold at a specified ratio. Limiters can create strange undesirable effects, so it's best not to overdo it. It takes anything beyond the dB threshold and holds it in place.Ī compressor is similar to a limiter, but much smoother and more complicated. If you took a limiter to that "whispers and explosions" movie and cranked the threshold down, you could make everything the same volume. We can do this with compressors and limiters.Ī limiter will block sound from getting any louder. To max out our volume without clipping anything, we're going to have to limit the loudest parts of our sound. Enter the compressor/limiter (this is where it gets useful) It's a handy trick, but will only even out the volume a little. What this will do is take the loudest part of a sound clip and boost it to the maximum level. I believe it was even included in the Windows 95 sound recorder. You've probably heard of normalization before. Things don't get loud or quite by accident. Or have you ever recorded audio yourself and wondered why it's so quite? There's a lot of room in sound. Have you ever watched a movie where everybody whispers, then suddenly it's explosions everywhere? I hate these movies, they're part of why we leave headroom before distortion. This is because there needs to be a lot of headroom to prevent distortion from rearing its ugly head. Most the time we're not anywhere close to the max, even with the volume cranked all the way up. We want every last decibel before any noticeable distortion is produced. What we want to do is make sure we're getting all that we can out of our equipment. Certain opamps are known to clip "gracefully" and are used for the "good" kind of distortion. ![]() Making music is about introducing pleasant impurities. Listening to music is all about reproducing signal with purity and accuracy. This is anecdotal, but while we're on the subject. If an opamp receives too much power, we'll get a very ugly distortion and maybe even fry a component! If the driver receives values that go beyond its maximum range, it could produce distortion depending on how it handles the data. It can happen on a digital or analog level, and might depend on your sound card or drivers. If we boost the audio signal too much we're going to run in to it - it's just a question of where. It sounds awful and can damage your equipment. This squaring of the wave is responsible for distortion. ![]() If you looked on an oscilloscope you would see the top of the waves being "clipped" off. When an audio signal goes past that limit, the sound wave gets squared off. Sound 101 Distortion is bad (unless it's on a guitar)Įvery circuit has a limit. It's not as simple as removing the volume limit. ![]() You'll get much better control out of using a compressor/limiter in combination with boosting the audio. The best way to boost your volume isn't by turning it up to 11. ![]()
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